Driving on public roads without a valid state-issued license is illegal in Texas, as mandated by the Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.021. This law requires all individuals operating a motor vehicle on public roadways to possess a valid driver's license issued by the state of Texas.
The Texas Department of Public Safety (TxDPS) is responsible for issuing driver's licenses in the state. It also oversees driver education and testing so that all drivers meet the necessary standards for safety and competence.
Obtaining a Texas driver's license involves deciding which license type is right for individuals, passing written, vision, and driving tests, and providing other proof of eligibility.
What Are the Types of Driver's Licenses in Texas?
The TxDPS primarily issues various types of driver's licenses. Each license type has specific requirements and restrictions and is categorized into classes based on the vehicle type and intended use. These licenses include:
Non-Commercial Driver's Licenses
Non-commercial driver's licenses are intended for personal vehicle use and are divided into classes A, B, C, and M.
Class A
This license is required for huge vehicles or combinations, such as RVs with a GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) exceeding 26,001 pounds or those towing heavy trailers.
Class B
In Texas, a Class B driver's license is needed for large vehicles under 26,001 pounds, those towing smaller trailers, or passenger vans seating 24 or more. Even for personal trips with a large passenger van, a non-commercial Class B license may be required.
Class C (Regular Driver's License)
Class C, or the regular driver's license, is the most common type of license in Texas, allowing individuals to operate:
- Passenger cars like sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, station wagons, and SUVs
- Pick-up trucks and vans under 26,001 pounds GVWR
- Emergency vehicles under 26,001 pounds, like ambulances and some fire trucks
- Motorhomes and camper vans
- Trailers used for agricultural purposes
Class M
A Class M license in Texas allows the legal operation of motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds. Unlike other non-commercial licenses, a motorcycle license does not depend on the vehicle's weight but on its specific classification as a motorcycle.
Commercial Driver's Licenses
A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is required to operate large commercial vehicles. The guidelines for each CDL class are the same as those for non-commercial driver's licenses; the only difference is that a CDL is specifically for commercial vehicle operation.
There are three main types of CDLs, each corresponding to different types of commercial vehicles:
- Class A CDL: For the biggest rigs, like tractor-trailers (semi-trucks).
- Class B CDL: For heavy, single vehicles like large buses or box trucks.
- Class C CDL: For smaller vehicles carrying passengers or hazardous materials.
The Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook details the requirements and regulations for obtaining and maintaining a CDL.
Learner's and Provisional Licenses
Aside from the licenses mentioned above, the state offers learner's and provisional licenses for new drivers under 18 as part of the Graduated Driver License Program :
Learner's License
This license allows supervised practice driving for those aged 15-17 who have completed a driver's education course. It comes with restrictions on driving hours and passengers.
Provisional License
A provisional license is issued after holding a learner's license for at least six months and passing a driving test. It has fewer restrictions than a learner's license but still limits nighttime driving and passengers.
How To Obtain a Driver's License in Texas
Obtaining a driver's license in Texas is a multi-step process that requires preparation, documentation, and testing for new drivers.
Here's how to get a regular Class C license for standard passenger vehicles:
Eligibility and Documentation
To be eligible for a Texas driver's license, individuals must fulfill several criteria. Applicants must be at least 18 years old and provide evidence of Texas residency, such as recent utility bills, a current lease agreement, or bank statements. Additionally, a valid Social Security number (SSN) is mandatory.
If the applicant possesses a vehicle, they must also furnish proof of registration and insurance.
Applicants must also gather additional documentation to proceed with the application. This includes a certificate of completion for those who have recently completed a driver's education course.
Application Process
There are two ways to apply for a Texas driver's license. Eligible applicants can start the process online, but a visit to the DPS office is still required to finalize the application.
All applicants can apply directly at a DPS office in person, where they will provide the necessary documents, have their photo taken, and pay fees. Appointments are recommended for both methods and can be quickly scheduled online.
Testing Requirements
Obtaining a Texas driver's license involves passing several tests, primarily the knowledge test and the driving skills test.:
Knowledge Test
This written exam assesses knowledge of Texas traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices. It is offered in multiple languages, and a free practice test is available online. In some cases, individuals who have completed an approved driver education course may be exempt from this test.
Driving Skills Test
Prepare for a driving test where the applicant demonstrates driving abilities to a DPS examiner. The test typically includes maneuvers like parallel parking, turning, and observing traffic signals.
While not listed as a separate test, vision screening is part of the application process to ensure they meet the minimum vision requirements for driving.
Appointment Schedule
On the appointment day, the applicant should bring all required documents and a completed application form to their chosen DPS office. The staff will collect their information, take their fingerprints, and photograph them for the driver's license.
To help applicants prepare for their driver's license appointment, the TxDPS provides a REAL ID Document Check Application. This tool serves as a personalized checklist of the necessary documents to bring for a smooth and efficient process.
Fees and Payment Methods
Fees for a Texas driver's license vary depending on age and license type. The DPS accepts payment in cash, check, money order, or major credit/debit cards. For a complete list of fees, refer to the TX Driver's License Fees.
Temporary License Issuance
Applicants who pass all tests will receive a temporary driver's license. This license is valid for driving while the permanent license is being processed. It's essential to check all the information on the temporary license for accuracy, as any errors need to be corrected before the permanent license is issued.
Permanent License Delivery
The permanent Texas driver's license is typically mailed to the applicant's address within a few weeks after passing the tests. This license serves as the official proof of driving privileges in Texas and should always be carried while driving.
Additional Information for Other License Types
For individuals seeking licenses other than Class C, the Texas DPS website provides comprehensive information tailored to each license type.
Motorcycle License
To obtain a Class M motorcycle license, applicants must complete an approved motorcycle safety course and present the certificate of completion at the driver's license office. The course certificate is valid for 24 months.
Commercial Driver License (CDL)
To become a commercial driver in Texas, applicants must meet specific age and medical requirements, possess a valid Texas driver's license, and complete any necessary training programs and tests.
Due to ongoing modernization efforts, applicants must review the updated Commercial Driver's License Manual Supplement for the latest information on the testing process and requirements.
Learners License
This license requires the applicant to be between 15 and 17 years old and have completed any required driver education courses.
A parent or legal guardian must accompany the applicant. Once obtained, the learner license allows supervised driving with a licensed adult 21 or older and is valid for six months unless the applicant turns 18.
Provisional License
A provisional license allows for more independent driving with restrictions, such as limited passengers and nighttime driving. To be eligible, the teen must:
- Have held a valid learner license for at least six months
- Be between 16 and 17 years old
- Complete behind-the-wheel driver education and the Impact Texas Teen Driver Program
- Pass the driving test
The provisional license remains valid until the driver's 18th birthday.
To facilitate a smooth licensing journey, detailed information regarding specific requirements, application procedures, and study materials can be found in the Texas Driver's Handbook.
How To Renew or Replace a Driver's License in Texas
Most Texas driver's licenses are valid for up to eight years and can be renewed within two years before or after the expiration date. On the other hand, a replacement is necessary if a license is lost, stolen, or damaged or if personal information like name or address changes.
The TxDPS offers several convenient methods for renewing or replacing a driver's license.
Renewal Methods
The TxDPS provides multiple renewal options, such as online, phone, mail, and in-person renewals, to cater to different needs and preferences.
Applicants can conveniently renew their Texas driver's license through any provided option. However, they must ensure that they meet the eligibility criteria, which they can check on the License Eligibility page.
Online and Telephone Renewal
To renew online, applicants should access the online renewal portal. They will need their driver license or identification card number, audit number, and the last four digits of their Social Security number.
After verifying their personal information and making any necessary updates, they can pay the renewal fee with a credit card. A temporary driver's license and payment receipt will be provided. The temporary license is valid for 60 days, and the permanent card will be mailed to the address on file.
Alternatively, renewal by phone is available at 1-866-DL-RENEW (1-866-357-3639) for those who meet the same eligibility criteria as online renewal.
Mail Renewal
Individuals who have received a renewal invitation by mail can renew their driver's license or identification card online or by phone. However, those temporarily out of state or with a medical condition preventing a visit to a DPS office can renew by mail.
To renew a Texas driver's license, the following must be sent to the Department for processing:
- Completed Renewal Application (DL-14A)
- Proof of Texas residency
- Lawful Presence
- Eye specialist examination report
- Completed Exemption Certification (if renewing Class A or B non-commercial license)
- Applicable renewal fee
If a name change is requested with the renewal, additional documentation is required. Mail all materials along with a check or money order payable to Texas DPS to:
Texas Department of Public Safety
PO Box 149008
Austin, TX 78714-9008
In-Person Renewal
For first-time applicants, those with specific medical conditions, or individuals who don't meet online or phone renewal eligibility, in-person renewal is available at any local DPS office.
Prior to visiting a Driver's License Office, applicants should complete a renewal application and schedule an appointment at the chosen office.
During the appointment, the applicant will present the required documents, which will be electronically verified. The applicant will then provide a signature, thumbprint, and photo for the new license. The final steps include paying the application fee and successfully completing a vision exam.
The standard renewal fee for a Texas driver's license is $33 (age 18 to 84). After completing the process, applicants receive a temporary license immediately, and the permanent one is mailed to them.
Replacement Process
If a license is lost, stolen, or damaged, online or phone replacements are not available; a replacement can only be obtained by visiting a DPS office in person. Texas residents temporarily out-of-state can replace their driver's license or ID card by mail.
Completed forms, documents, and payment should be mailed to the TxDPS. Military personnel with out-of-state addresses must include a copy of their military ID or orders.
Additional documentation is required if the replacement involves a name change, such as:
- Proof of the name change
- Certified English translation (if applicable)
- Signature on a blank piece of paper
For marriage-related name changes, a marriage license, divorce decree, annulment, or marriage verification letter is acceptable. Other name changes require a certified court order or amended birth certificate.
The fee for a license replacement in Texas is $11.
What Happens if a Driver's License Is Suspended in Texas?
Driving with an invalid or suspended license (DWLI/DWLS) in Texas is a serious offense with potentially harsh penalties. It is classified as a Class B misdemeanor, carrying a jail sentence of 72 hours to 6 months and fines ranging from $100 to $500.
Individuals may face additional surcharges in addition to jail time and fines. Repeat offenders with prior DWLI/DWLS convictions face even harsher consequences.
The charge can be enhanced to a Class A misdemeanor, increasing the potential jail time to one year and the maximum fine to $4,000. These penalties underscore the importance of maintaining a valid driver's license and complying with traffic laws in Texas.
Law enforcement officers have discretion in deciding whether to arrest someone for driving with a suspended license. If no other violations or warrants are present, a warning or citation may be issued. However, an arrest and subsequent detainment until bail is posted remain possible.
The length of this detainment can vary depending on various factors, such as the nature of the offense and the individual's criminal history.
Understanding the reasons behind license suspension is crucial to avoiding this situation. Common causes include:
- Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or drugs
- Reckless driving or excessive speeding
- Accumulation of too many traffic violations or points
- Failure to pay fines or appear in court for traffic offenses
- Providing false information on a license application
Reinstating a Suspended Texas Driver License
To determine eligibility for reinstatement, individuals must visit the license eligibility webpage mentioned above and check if they meet specific reinstatement requirements. The duration and specific requirements can vary depending on the reason for the suspension.
Reinstating a suspended license involves specific steps:
- Paying outstanding fines and fees
- Attending driver improvement or defensive driving courses
- Serving the designated suspension period
Reinstatement fees can only be paid online through the same webpage for the fastest processing time (typically 24-48 hours).
If no reinstatement fees are due, any remaining compliance documents must be submitted. These can be sent by mail, fax, or email (in PDF format) and must include the individual's full name, date of birth, driver's license number, and a copy of the suspension notice (if available).
For further details about reinstatement of driver's license, visit the Reinstatement page on the Texas DPS website.
Can Someone Drive in Texas With a Foreign License?
Visitors with a valid, unexpired foreign driver's license can legally operate a motor vehicle in Texas. This privilege extends for up to one year from the date of entry into the U.S. or until the individual becomes a Texas resident, whichever comes first.
Once a person establishes residency in Texas, they must apply for a Texas driver's license within 90 days to continue driving legally.
This recognition of foreign licenses is subject to specific international agreements and provisions, which may vary depending on the country of origin.
For further information and general provisions, refer to the Driving Privilege Reciprocity page.
Can a Foreigner Get a Driver's License in Texas?
Foreign nationals moving to Texas can obtain a driver's license if they meet the state's requirements. The duration of the license is contingent upon the individual's legal stay in the U.S., and proof of lawful presence is a requirement.
Applicants must provide proof of identity, such as a valid passport or foreign national identification card. Proof of legal presence in the U.S., including a valid visa and I-94 form, is also mandatory. Depending on immigration status, additional documents like an Employment Authorization Document or Permanent Resident Card may be required.
Those residing in Texas must submit proof of residency, which may include a utility bill, lease agreement, or other documents confirming their Texas address.
After the TxDPS successfully verifies lawful presence with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), applicants must pay the required fee. Finally, passing a vision test, a written knowledge test and a behind-the-wheel driving test are mandatory.
The TxDPS website provides detailed information regarding requirements and application procedures. For specific guidance, individuals can also visit the nearest DPS office.